Such data are published on the website of the EU statistical office.
According to the Eurostat statistics for 2020, there were 1,165 first-time Belarusian applicants for international protection in the EU countries. 385 people applied for refugee status in Poland, 140 Belarusians asked for international protection in Germany, 100 people in France, 85 in the Netherlands, and 80 in Lithuania.
Also, citizens of Belarus applied for refugee status in other countries. 80 Belarusians applied for international protection in Sweden, 60 in the Czech Republic, 55 in Belgium, and 45 in Latvia. In addition, Belarusians applied for asylum in Spain, Italy, Austria, Denmark, as well as in Ireland, Luxembourg and Finland.
Most of those who applied for international protection last year are men – 745 people. Almost half of the refugees are young people between the ages of 18 and 34 – 510 people. In 2019, according to Eurostat, 935 Belarusian citizens applied for refugee status in the EU. Moreover, only slightly more than a third of the refugees were young people from 18 to 34 years old.
Compared to 2019, the number of refugees to Poland increased significantly – from 30 applications to 385, to the Czech Republic – from 10 to 60 and from 15 to 80 in Lithuania. But the number of Belarusians who applied for international protection in the Netherlands fell more than twice. The number of applications for obtaining refugee status in Germany and France also decreased.
According to the Polish Office for Foreigners, published in January 2021, ten times more Belarusians applied for refugee status in Poland in 2020 than in previous years. The department believes that such growth is associated with the internal situation in Belarus. The number of applications increased sharply in August. Since September, about 80 people have applied for refugee status every month. In total, 407 people asked for international protection from Poland last year (primary and secondary applications were taken into account).
Asylum is a form of international protection given by a state on its territory. It is granted to a person who is unable to seek protection in his/her country of citizenship and/or residence, in particular for fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion.